腺苷酸激酶在我国九个民族中的多态分布

用淀粉胶电泳及特异染色的方法,对我国9个民族的腺苷酸激酶(AK)多态分布进行了测定。9个民族中维吾尔族AK表型分布具有多态性。维吾尔族中AK_1~1基因频率为0.965,AK_1~2基因频率为0.035,而侗、回、白、土家、苗、彝、藏、满等8个民族的AK_1~2均未达到多态水平。在9个民族中AK_1表型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,并且未发现其它罕见表型。     

Number of hits necessary for complement-mediated hemolysis

The number of hits necessary for the C8 and C9 steps of immune hemolysis was reexamined with a previously unemployed experimental design, in which various numbers of EAC1-7, excess of the supplementary component and a constant amount of the component tested were incubated in a constant volume (Inoue et al. 1976. Infect. Immun. 13: 337). Our results were consistent with previous findings; the steps of guinea pig C8 and C9, the human C8 each followed a one-hit mechanism, while that of human C9 showed ka multi-hit response. When lysis of sensitized erythrocytes (EA) by normal human serum was analysed in a similar way, one-hit curves were obtained. This result, taken together with the above results, suggests that immune hemolysis occurs by a single lesion including a single C8 and multiple C9 in the case of human complement and that normal human serum contains sufficient excess of C9. On the other hand, when C9-deficient human serum was used for lysis of EA, multiple-hit curves were obtained. The mechanism of lysis by C5b-8 may differ from that by C5b-9.     

农田小麦在土壤湿润条件下的气孔活动

1984年在北京大屯农业生态系统试验站用MK 3型自动气孔计对土壤湿润、睛朗天气条件下冬小麦气孔传导力的日变化,季节变化、以及叶龄和梯度变化进行了观测。发现叶片传导力(gl)的日变化为双峰曲线,正午gl的降低可能是强光和高的饱和差作用的结果,从而限制了光合潜力的发挥。近轴面传导力(gd)和远轴面传导力(gb)的比(α)不是一个常数,这是因为两面气孔对环境条件的反应不同。gl和冠层传导力(g(?))都以孕穗期为最高。灌浆时期gl和gc有所降低,反映了叶片的过早衰老。这是影响本地区小麦产量的重要因素之一,其原因不仅与土壤水分有关,还与大气条件和病虫害有关。本文还讨论了gl随时龄的变化。观测表明,气孔计可以迅速准确地掌握作物群体的生理动态,有可能用于指导农田灌灌和管理。     

Pseudo-inhibitors of neutrophil superoxide production: evidence that soybean-derived polypeptides are superoxide dismutases

We have previously reported the purification of polypeptides from soybean which are potent inhibitors of superoxide production by human neutrophils. We now report that neither oxygen uptake nor hydrogen peroxide production by stimulated neutrophils is affected by these inhibitors. Furthermore, the E-1 and E-3 polypeptides inhibit ferricytochrome c reduction by a xanthine oxidase superoxide generation system. The inhibitory activity of E-3 in the model system is blocked by 1 mM KCN while E-1 is only slightly cyanide sensitive. Atomic absorption analysis of E-1 and E-3 polypeptides reveal copper in the latter and manganese in the former. Thus, E-3 is a copper-containing superoxide dismutase while E-1 appears to be a manganese-containing superoxide dismutase.     

Physicochemical characterization of large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles prepared by reverse-phase evaporation

Properties of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), composed of phosphatidylcholine and prepared by reverse-phase evaporation and subsequent extrusion through Unipore polycarbonate membranes, have been investigated and compared with those of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and of multilamellar vesicles (MLV). The unilamellar nature of the LUV is shown by 1H-NMR using Pr3+ as a shift reagent. The gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of LUV composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene and 90 degrees light scattering, occurs at a slight lower temperature (40.8 degrees C) than that of MLV (42 degrees C) and is broadened by about 50%. The phase transition of SUV is shifted to considerably lower temperatures (mid-point, 38 degrees C) and extends over a wide temperature range. In LUV a well-defined pretransition is not observed. The permeability of LUV (DPPC) monitored by leakage of carboxyfluorescein, increases sharply at the phase transition temperature, and the extent of release is greater than that from MLV. Leakage from SUV occurs in a wide temperature range. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of LUV (DPPC) reveals vesicles of 0.1-0.2 micron diameter with mostly smooth fracture faces. At temperatures below the phase transition, the larger vesicles in the population have angled faces, as do extruded MLV. A banded pattern, seen in MLV at temperatures between the pretransition and the main transition, is not observed in the smaller LUV, although the larger vesicles reveal a dimpled appearance.     

Involvement of histidine and tryptophan residues of glutamine binding protein in the interaction with membrane-bound components of the glutamine transport system of Escherichia coli

We treated the glutamine binding protein with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) to modify respectively the sole histidine and tryptophan residues and examined the effect of these modifications on the ability of the binding protein to bind glutamine as well as the ability to restore glutamine transport in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. Under the conditions used, both DEPC and NBS markedly inhibited the ability to restore glutamine transport in vesicles without any significant effect on glutamine binding. Moreover, saturating quantities of glutamine had no protective effect on the inactivation of the binding protein by DEPC or NBS. Fluorometric measurement and amino acid analysis indicate that the inactivation of the binding protein in restoring vesicle transport by NBS can be attributed to the oxidation of a single tryptophan residue. Similar analysis and the inability of hydroxylamine to reverse the effect of DEPC indicate that the effects of DEPC can probably be attributed to alterations of the sole histidine and/or one or more lysine residues of the binding protein. We conclude that the glutamine binding protein possesses at least two largely nonoverlapping functional domains, one responsible for glutamine binding and the other for the interaction with the other components of the glutamine transport system.     

Tubular Transport Maxima of PAH and Diodrast Measured Individually in the Aglomerular Kidney of Lophius, and Simultaneously as Competitors Under Conditions of Equimolar Loading

The maximal tubular transfer rates (Tm) of both p-aminohippurate (PAH) and diodrast (3,5-diiodo-4-pyridone-N-acetic acid or iodopyracet) were found to be fixed and reproducible when measured separately in Lophius (goosefish) under standard laboratory conditions. Expressed on a molar basis Tm_PAH was four times Tm_D. However, when these transport competitors were presented simultaneously in equimolar concentrations with the plasma levels of each sufficiently high enough to saturate the carrier system, the relative rates of excretion were reversed with the diodrast transfer rate then four times that of PAH. The combined rate of excretion was far below Tm_PAH alone, and roughly equal to Tm_D. Interaction with a common carrier was indicated by the gradations in degree of inhibition which resulted when plasma concentration ratios of diodrast to PAH were extended from 0.1 to 3.2, and PAH transfer rates expressed as percentage of Tm_PAH were correspondingly depressed from 17 to 1.0 per cent respectively. These observations again point up the inverse relationship between transfer rate and competitive effectiveness which exists for members of a series of substances actively transported by a common mechanism. It appears that carrier affinity and dissociation characteristics may be quite different for various compounds in a series, and also that these parameters may vary significantly from species to species.     

生态系统与耗散结构

1977年,比利时著名科学家伊·普里高津成功地提出耗散结构理论,荣获了诺贝尔奖。普里高津的理论告诉我们:“一个远离平衡态的复杂系统,各元素的作用具有非线性特点,正是这种非线性的相关机制,导致了大量离子的协同动作,突变而产生有序结构。”普里高津的耗散结构理论,研究系统怎样从混沌无序的动态向稳定有序的结构组织演化及其规律,故也称为非平衡系统自组织理论。这一系统理论的奇葩,对于生态系统的深入研究将起到不可估量的作用。同时,这一理论使我们对生态     

从抗体阳性的甲型肝炎接触者粪便中分离出一株甲型肝炎病毒

几年来,国内外已相继用组织培养法分离多株甲型肝炎病毒(HAV),并已证实了甲型肝炎患者及亚临床型感染在传染本病中的重要性。但HAV在流行点的正常人群中存在短期携带的问题还尚未见报道。本文采用人胚肺二倍体细胞(2BS)从甲型肝炎接触者粪便中分离出一株HAV,并经免疫电镜、免疫荧光及参比血清鉴定等证实。现将结果报告如下。